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Reference Tables and Other Information for Chemistry

Solubility Product Constant

Insoluble salts are those that are slightly or sparingly soluble in water. When undissolved solid is present, the dissolved ions are in equilibrium with the undissolved solid. The solubility product constant describes the extent to which the dissolving (and dissociation) occur.

Additional information can be found in Lesson 1 of Chapter 16 of our Chemistry Tutorial.

The table below lists solubility product constants (Ksp values) for insoluble salts at 25°C. Values were extracted from a variety of sources online. Values are organized by anion name.

 

Ksp Values of Insoluble Salts

 
Anion Name Formula Ksp
Acetates silver(I) acetate AgC2H3O2 1.9 × 10-3
       
Arsenates silver(I) arsenate Ag3AsO4 1.0 × 10-22
  bismuth arsenate BiAsO4 4.4 × 10-10
  cadmium arsenate Cd3(AsO4)2 2.2 × 10-33
  cobalt(II) arsenate Co3(AsO4)2 6.8 × 10-29
  copper(II) arsenate Cu3(AsO4)2 8.0 × 10-36
  strontium arsenate Sr3(AsO4)2 4.3 × 10-19
  zinc arsenate Zn3(AsO4)2 2.8 × 10-28
       
Bromides silver(I) bromide AgBr 5.4 × 10-13
  copper(I) bromide CuBr 6.3 × 10-9
  mercury(I) bromide Hg2Br2 6.4 × 10-23
  mercury(II) bromide HgBr2 6.2 × 10−20
  lead(II) bromide PbBr2 6.6 × 10-6
  thallium(I) bromide TlBr 3.7 × 10-6
       
Bromates silver(I) bromate AgBrO3 5.4 × 10-5
  barium bromate Ba(BrO3)2 2.4 × 10-4
  thallium(I) bromate TlBrO3 1.1 × 10-4
       
Carbonates silver(I) carbonate Ag2CO3 8.1 x 10-12
  barium carbonate BaCO3 2.6 × 10-9
  calcium carbonate (calcite) CaCO3 3.4 × 10-9
  calcium carbonate (aragonite) CaCO3 6.0 × 10-9
  cadmium carbonate CdCO3 1.0 × 10-12
  cobalt(II) carbonate CoCO3 1.0 × 10-10
  copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 2.5 x 10-10
  iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 3.1 × 10-11
  mercury(I) carbonate Hg2CO3 3.6 × 10-17
  lithium carbonate Li2CO3 8.2 × 10-4
  magnesium carbonate MgCO3 6.8 × 10-6
  manganese(II) carbonate MnCO3 2.2 × 10-11
  neodymium carbonate Nd2(CO3)3 1.1 × 10-33
  nickel(II) carbonate NiCO3 1.4 × 10-7
  lead(II) carbonate PbCO3 7.4 × 10-14
  strontium carbonate SrCO3 5.6 × 10-10
  yttrium carbonate Y2(CO3)3 1.0 × 10-31
  zinc carbonate ZnCO3 1.5 × 10-10
       
Chlorides silver(I) chloride AgCl 1.8 × 10-10
  copper(I) chloride CuCl 1.7 × 10-7
  mercury(I) chloride Hg2Cl2 1.4 × 10-18
  lead(II) chloride PbCl2 1.7 × 10-5
  thallium(I) chloride TlCl 1.9 × 10-4
       
Chromates silver(I) chromate Ag2CrO4 1.1 × 10-12
  barium chromate BaCrO4 1.2 × 10-10
  calcium chromate CaCrO4 7.1 x 10-4
  lead(II) chromate PbCrO4 3.0 × 10-13
  thallium(I) chromate Tl2CrO4 8.7 × 10-13
       
Cyanides silver(I) cyanide AgCN 6.0 × 10-17
  copper(I) cyanide CuCN 3.5 × 10-20
  nickel(II) cyanide Ni(CN)2 3.0 x 10-23
  zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2 8.0 x 10-12
       
Fluorides barium fluoride BaF2 1.8 × 10-7
  calcium fluoride CaF2 3.5 × 10-11
  cadmium fluoride CdF2 6.4 × 10-3
  iron(II) fluoride FeF2 2.4 × 10-6
  mercury(I) fluoride Hg2F2 3.1 × 10-6
  lithium fluoride LiF 1.8 × 10-3
  magnesium fluoride MgF2 5.2 × 10-11
  lead(II) fluoride PbF2 3.3 × 10-8
  scandium fluoride ScF3 5.8 × 10-24
  strontium fluoride SrF2 4.3 × 10-9
  yttrium fluoride YF3 8.6 × 10-21
  zinc fluoride ZnF 3.0 × 10-2
       
Hydroxides silver(I) hydroxide AgOH 1.5 x 10-8
  aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 3.0 × 10-34
  beryllium hydroxide Be(OH)2 6.9 × 10-22
  calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 5.0 × 10-6
  cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2 7.2 × 10-15
  cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH)2 5.9 × 10-15
  chromium(III) hydroxide Cr(OH)3 6.7 x 10-31
  copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 4.8 × 10-20
  europium(III) hydroxide Eu(OH)3 9.4 × 10-27
  iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 4.9 × 10-17
  iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 2.8 × 10-39
  gallium(III) hydroxide Ga(OH)3 7.3 × 10-36
  mercury(II) hydroxide Hg(OH)2 3.6 × 10-26
  magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 5.6 × 10-12
  manganese(II) hydroxide Mn(OH)2 2.0 × 10-13
  nickel(II) hydroxide Ni(OH)2 5.5 × 10-16
  lead(II) hydroxide Pb(OH)2 1.4 × 10-20
  praseodymium hydroxide Pr(OH)3 3.4 × 10-24
  scandium hydroxide Sc(OH)3 2.2 × 10-31
  tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH)2 5.5 × 10-27
  thallium(III) hydroxide Tl(OH)3 1.7 × 10-44
  yttrium hydroxide Y(OH)3 1.0 × 10-22
  zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 3.0 × 10-17
       
Iodates silver(I) iodate AgIO3 3.2 × 10-8
  barium iodate Ba(IO3)2 4.0 × 10-9
  calcium iodate Ca(IO3)2 6.5 × 10-6
  cadmium iodate Cd(IO3)2 2.5 × 10-8
  cerium(III) iodate Ce(IO3)3 1.4 × 10-11
  chromium(III) iodate Cr(IO3)3 5.0 × 10-6
  iron(III) iodate Fe(IO3)3 4.0 × 10-8
  lanthanum iodate La(IO3)3 7.5 × 10-12
  manganese(II) iodate Mn(IO3)2 4.4 × 10-7
  nickel(II) iodate Ni(IO3)2 4.7 × 10-5
  lead(II) iodate Pb(IO3)2 3.7 × 10-13
  radium iodate Ra(IO3)2 1.2 × 10-9
  strontium iodate Sr(IO3)2 1.1 × 10-7
  thallium(I) iodate TlIO3 3.1 × 10-6
  yttrium iodate Y(IO3)3 1.1 × 10-10
       
Iodides silver(I) iodide AgI 8.5 × 10-17
  bismuth iodide BiI 7.7 × 10-19
  copper(I) iodide CuI 1.3 × 10-12
  mercury(I) iodide Hg2I2 5.2 × 10-29
  mercury(II) iodide HgI2 2.9 × 10-29
  lead(II) iodide PbI2 9.8 × 10-9
  thallium(I) iodide TlI 5.5 × 10-8
       
Nitrates barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 4.6 × 10-3
       
Oxalates silver(I) oxalate Ag2C2O4 5.4 × 10-12
  barium oxalate BaC2O4 1.6 x 10-7
  calcium oxalate CaC2O4 2.3 x 10-9
  copper(II) oxalate CuC2O4 4.4 × 10-10
  mercury(I) oxalate Hg2C2O4 1.8 × 10-13
  magnesium oxalate MgC2O4 8.6 x 10-5
  lead(II) oxalate PbC2O4 8.5 × 10-9
  strontium oxalate SrC2O4 5.0 × 10-8
       
Perchlorates cesium perchlorate CsClO4 4.0 × 10-3
  potassium perchlorate KClO4 1.1 × 10-2
  rubidium perchlorate RuClO4 3.0 × 10-3
       
Periodates cesium periodate CsIO4 5.1 × 10-6
  potassium periodate KIO4 3.7 × 10-4
       
Phosphates silver(I) phosphate Ag3PO4 8.9 × 10-17
  aluminum phosphate AlPO4 9.8 × 10-21
  barium phosphate Ba3(PO4)2 3.4 x 10-23
  calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 2.1 × 10-33
  cadmium phosphate Cd3(PO4)2 2.5 × 10-33
  cobalt(II) phosphate Co3(PO4)2 2.1 × 10-35
  chromium(III) phosphate CrPO4 2.4 x 10-23
  copper(II) phosphate Cu3(PO4)2 1.4 × 10-37
  lithium phosphate Li3PO4 2.4 × 10-4
  magnesium phosphate Mg3(PO4)2 1.0 × 10-24
  nickel(II) phosphate Ni3(PO4)2 4.7 × 10-32
  lead(II) phosphate Pb3(PO4)2 3.0 x 10-44
  zinc phosphate Zn3(PO4)2 1.7 x 10-21
       
Selenides zinc selenide ZnSe 3.6 × 10-26
       
Selenates barium selenate BaSeO4 3.4 × 10-8
  lead(II) selenate PbSeO4 1.4 × 10-7
       
Sulfates silver(I) sulfate Ag2SO4 1.2 × 10-5
  barium sulfate BaSO4 1.1 × 10-10
  calcium sulfate CaSO4 4.9 × 10-5
  mercury(I) sulfate Hg2SO4 6.5 × 10-7
  lead(II) sulfate PbSO4 2.5 × 10-8
  radium sulfate RaSO4 3.7 × 10-11
  strontium sulfate SrSO4 3.4 × 10-7
       
Sulfides silver(I) sulfide Ag2S 8.0 × 10-51
  calcium sulfide CaS 8.0 x 10-6
  cadmium sulfide CdS 1.0 × 10-27
  copper(II) sulfide CuS 8.0 × 10-37
  iron(III) sulfide FeS 6.3 × 10−18
  iron(II) sulfide FeS 8.0 × 10-19
  mercury(II) sulfide (black) HgS 2.0 × 10-53
  mercury(II) sulfide (red) HgS 2.0 × 10-54
  manganese(II) sulfide (pink) MnS 3.0 × 10-11
  manganese(II) sulfide (green) MnS 3.0 × 10-14
  nickel(II) sulfide (beta) NiS 1.3 × 10-25
  nickel(II) sulfide (alpha) NiS 4.0 × 10-20
  lead(II) sulfide PbS 3.0 × 10-28
  tin(II) sulfide SnS 1.0 × 10−25
  thallium(I) sulfide Tl2S 6.0 × 10-22
  zinc sulfide (wurtzite) ZnS 1.6 × 10−24
  zinc sulfide (α) ZnS 2.0 × 10-25
  zinc sulfide (sphalerite) ZnS 2.5 × 10−22
  zinc sulfide (β) ZnS 3.0 × 10-23
       
Sulfites silver(I) sulfite Ag2SO3 1.5 × 10-14
  barium sulfite BaSO3 5.0 × 10-10
  calcium sulfite CaSO3 6.8 x 10-8
       
Thiocyanates silver(I) thiocyanate AgSCN 1.0 × 10-12
  copper(I) thiocyanate CuSCN 1.8 × 10-13
  mercury(I) thiocyanate Hg2(SCN)2 3.2 × 10-20
  palladium(II) thiocyanate Pd(SCN)2 4.4 × 10-23
  thallium(I) thiocyanate TlSCN 1.6 × 10-4
 

 



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